Chloro-methylene derivative of fatty acid amides



Patented Sept. 2, 1947 v UNITED STATE I a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.,i.Application June:3, '1942", n -Serial No. 44 5 ,67 5 7 This invention relates to :the production of"v novel derivatives of behenic acidamide andpther higher fattyacid amides.

It is an object of this invention to,produce novel derivatives of behenic acid amide or other,

higher fatty acid amides possessing: valuable properties as agents for producing;water-repellent j efi'ects upon textile fiber o'rwhich may vserveas 1 useful intermediates for theproduction of; ,such agents. It is another object of'this inventionto provides an efilcient process forthe production 'of the said intermediates. "Other and further imf portant objects of .thisainvention.willjappean as the description proceeds.

It is oldin the art to react higher fatty, acid 1 claims, (Cl. 2'60-295).-

forms a bis-compound ofthe ,aboveformulain situ by reacting with formaldehyde.

, Now, I have attempted to apply the above pro-.

cases, water-repellency agents derived from behenic acid amide were decidedly superior in initial power and in washing resistance to analo- 'gous water-repellency agentsderived-from other amides, by which expression I mean acid amides of the general formula R--ONH2 wherein R is an alkyl or cyclo-alkyl radical of at least 9 carbon atoms, with formaldehyde-yielding agents ind hydrogen chloride to produce corresponding .xl-methylene-chloride derivatives. The reaction is generally carried out in an organic liquid medium such as benzene, and the formaldehydeyielding agent is generally para'formaldehyde or rioxymethylene'. I I v The exact steps of procedure in the hithertoknown methods are typified by the following:

I. The selected acyl amide and paraformaldehyde are suspended jointly in-benzenaand hydrogen chloride ispassed into the warmed mixture. i

higher fatty acylamides, (Cf. copending application SerialNo..445,674, of even date herewith.)

Now after considerable investigation I have found that the difficulty with the prior processes may be explained on the assumption that under the conditions, ofu these prior processes there takes place first the formation of fabis-compound, probably N,N-methylene-dibehenamide, by reaction ;in situ of two ,mols 'ofnbehe namide with one mol of formaldehyde, and that the result- .ing compound, apparently due ;.to its high degree of insolubility, is .inert toward further quanti- II. The acyl amide issuspended in benezene, i

and hydrogen chloride and paraformaldehyde are Simultaneously passed into the warmed mixture.

III. The acyl amide i'or the corresponding car bamate of formula RO'-'CONH2) is suspended ties of formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride.

, On the otherhand, by modifying theprocess so as to suppress formation of the said bis-compound, I have succeeded in obtaining derivatives of behenic acid amide which are characterized by possessing CHzCl groups, and which, as a result,- have the power of reacting further in the manner hereinafter set forth to produce water-re'pellency in benzene and this mixture is saturated with hydrogen chloride. Paraformaldehyde is then passed in gradually.

IV. The procedure'is as in I or II above, but

. instead of the monomeric amide the correspond ing methylene-bis acylamide of the formula n -co -nncnz-nn 'co -a is employed.

It is believed by some experts in the art that the product from procedure IV is essentially ,the

agents of very high qualities.

Accordingly, my present invention consists of reacting behenic acid amide with formaldehydeyielding ag'entsand hydrogen chloride under conditionswhich will avoid the formation of'substantial quantities of methylene-dibehenamide.

I achieve this object by modifying the steps of 1 procedure in such a manner as to avoid any high concentrations of behenic acid amide in the presence -oi! the formaldehyde-yielding agent.

same as that obtained in procedures I and II,

in view of the fact that the monomeric acylainide Two procedures are possible for this purpose.

' Assuming. that the reaction is carried out in a 1 liquid medium such as benzene as in the other processes of the art, I may suspend the requisite quantity of paraformaldehyde or trioxymethylene in the benezene and then pass into it gradually ,S' PAT ENT' o F cE r 2,426,796 f 1 'CHLORO-METHYLENE DERIVATIVE or I I FAT-TYACID AMIDES :Josef Pikl Glassboro, N. asslgnor to E; L'du.

Pont de Nemours &.Company, Wilmlngton, Del

from difierent sources of supply hydrogen chloride on the one hand and behenic acid amide on I passing hydrogen chloride from another source into the vessel. It will be noted that in the-lastmentioned case, although the paraformaldehyde is in constant contact with the behenic acid amide, the fact that the mixture is dry andis out of contact with hydrogen chloride prevents the formation of the undesirable bis-compound.

By proceeding in the above manner I have succeeded in obtaining compounds which according to their analyses contain between one. and two behenamido chains per CHaCl group. Without limiting my invention to any particular theory, I venture the hypothesis that the'product probably consists principally of a bis-chloro-methvlene-dimethylene-tribehenamido compound as represented by the following formula:

wherein R, designates the radical Cami.

Other possible components of the mixture are the corresponding methylene-bis-amido compounds of the formula:

RcNcHNco-R and a trimethylene-tetrabisamido compound of the probable formula:

cmcl CHIC! RC 0-N-C Hr-N-CHr-N-C HPN-c 0-1:

ao (JO-R,

In all probability, all of these components are present in the products of my invention, the exact proportions of these in each case depending on the temperature, duration and other specific conditions of the reaction.

The above three different products are related in structure, and may be brought together under the general formula: l

' CHICI cule] n-c 0N[ CH -dfc H N-C O-R 1 R-CO wherein .1: stands for 0, 1 or 2.

The above intermediate products are very re-,

active and will form addition compounds with may be applied to the fabric in the same manner as the known water-soluble water-repellency agents of the methylene-quaternary-ammonium-halogen type. Theireilect on the fiber.

however, is much more lasting, that is, much more resistant to repeated laundering than any of the quaternary-ammonium compounds within my experience to date.

Furthermore, the intermediate methylenechloride compound abovementioned may be reacted with various agents to replace the chlorine atom by other anion radicals. I'br instance, the

compound may be reacted with potassium-thio- The resulting chlorometbylamidegwas a low aniline, piperidine, etc.,-to give a corresponding bis-quaternary-ammonium compound, that is, compounds wherein the CH2C1 groups in the above formulas become converted into the form CHa-N(tert) -Cl, N(tert) designating the molecule of a tertiary nitrogenous base. They will also react with thiourea to give the corresponding bis-isothiouronium chloride, that is, compounds wherein the CHzCl groups become replaced by the radicals:

NH-H Cl C Hrs-C These quaternary and isothiouronium compounds are directly useful as water-repellency agents and on the other hand, it allowed to stand for some time without reacting with pyridine or other tertiary amines, the said thiocyanates undergo isomerization to give the corresponding isothiocyanates which may be applied to fabric from 1 organic solution according to my said copending application Serial No. 363,524, but again give water-repellency eifects on ilber which are outstanding in their high initial power and fastness qualities. I

If, in the above series of reactions, hydrogen bromide is employed in lieu of hydrogen chloride the corresponding methylene-bromide derivative may be obtained.

Without limiting my invention the following examples are given to illustrate my preferred most; or operation. The parts mentioned are by we t.

Example I Eighty-five parts of behenic-acid amide (M. P. 114 C.) were dissolved in 500 parts of hot benzene and the solution then gradually added to a suspension of 15 parts of paraformaldehyde in 200 parts of benzene heated to '80 C. while a stream of hydrogen chloride was passed into the reaction mixture. The reaction flask was connected through a water separator to a reflux condenser and provided with an agitator. In forty-five minutes the addition of the behenicacid amide solution was complete, giving a clear reaction mixture. .The solution was heated for another half hour to insure complete reaction and then evaporated in vacuo on the steam bath.

melting wax which decomposed with water.

Example I! Eighty-five parts of the chloromethylamlde obtained according to Example I were dissolved in 500 parts of carbon tetrachloride and then.

soluble quaternary ammonium salt. It analyzed as follows: nitrogen, 5.85%; sulfur, 5.57%.

The above analysis agrees closely with the empirical formula cams-103mm, which would be required if the compound is .a bis-(thiocyanomethylene) -dimethylene-tribehenamide as hy-' pothesized in the general discussion above.

When this product-was, applied to cotton or wool from an organic solvent at a concentration of .5% and the latter then subjected to baking, in standard manner, i. e.. at a temperature between 105'and 150 0., it gavea strongly waterr repellent fabric, the properties of which were .not impaired by washing in a boiling soap solution or by extraction with a warm dry-cleaning" solvent. I

ard method for testing, water-repellency (Am.:

When tested according to the stand- Dyest. Reporter, vol. 31, p. 8) this fabric *was found to be remarkably superior as regards permanence (i. e., fastnessto laundering and dry-cleaning) to a fabric similarly treated with the thiocyanate obtained in analogous manner from stearic-acid amide.

' Example .I I'I One hundred thirteen parts of behenamide were dissolved in 500 parts of benzene and then added to a suspension of parts of paraformaldehyde in 200 parts of benzene while passing in a stream of hydrogen chloride atthe boiling'point of the reaction mixture. amidehad been added, and the heating'of the clear solution was continued for another hour.

The solvent was evaporated and a hard, waxy Example IV Sixty parts of the chloromethylamide obtained in Example III'were dissolved in 500 parts of carbon tetrachloride and reacted at 80 C. for one hour with 60 parts of lead thiocyanate. The inorganic salts were filtered off and a clear, lightstraw-colored solution was obtained. On evaporation of the solvent, the product analyzed at 5.46% nitrogen and 4.33% sulfur, which is about equivalent to, two long-chain amido radicals for each sulfur atom.

This product gave excellent-water repellency least 10 carbon atoms. In particular, when R stands for C22H45, which is the alkyl radical obtained by hydrogenation of behenic acid, a chloro-methylene compound is obtained of' similar reactive properties as thecompounds above discussed, and of similar high-grade qualities as water-repellency agents.

} Example V l Forty-dive and one tenth parts of docosyl carbamate,;

C:2H450.--( NH2 I I were dissolved in 250 parts of benzene'and added to a suspension of 7.5 parts of para-formaldehyde in 100 parts of benzene while passing in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas at the boiling point of the reaction mixture. The addition took thirty minutes. The heating was continued for half an hour longer and then the solvent was evaporated.

, The hard, waxy solid .contained.5.09% of chlo- In one hour all the rine; The product reacted readily with triethylamine and pyridine, giving the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts which'were soluble in warm water.

Emample VI Thirty parts of the chloromethyl compound contained in Example V were dissolved in 300 parts of carbon tetrachloride and then reacted at 80 C. with'30 parts of dry lead thiocyanate for one hour. The filtrate obtained from the inorganic salts contained 4.57% of sulfur and 5.23% nitrogen. It gave excellent water repellency when applied to wool, cotton orregenerated cel.

V lulose at a concentration of one or one-half per cent and then subjected for a fewmlnutes to a heat treatment in standard fashion.

Example VII I The thiocyanate obtained in Example VI was dissolved'in a little benzene and then reacted with half of its weight of pyridine. After several hours the originally clear solution set to a thick paste which gave a strongly foaming aqueous solution.

The pyridinium thiocyanate was applied to cotton from aqueous solution and from carbon tetrachloride, followed by a baking treatment in when applied, in'standard manner, to cotton, I

wool or rayon.

Although the above discussion and examples have been limited particularly to behenic acid amide, in view of the difliculty of converting this amide into achloro-methylene compound by the older processes, my invention is nevertheless of a generic nature and may be applied also to such amides which encounter no special difficulties by the old processes. Thus they may be applied to stearamide, lauramide, montanic-acid amide, and in general to any amide of the formula RCO-NH-z, wherein R is an alkyl or cyclo-alkyl radical of at least nine carbon atoms. I

Moreover, the same reaction may .be applied with good success to the conversion of carbamates of the general formula standard fashion. In both cases the repellency obtained was very good when applied at concentrations of .5% and 25%, based on the weight of the fabric.

It will be understood that many other variations and modifications are possible in the procedures above outlined without departing from the spirit of this invention.

I claim: I 1. In the process of producing a halogen-- methylene derivative of behenic-acid-amide by reacting behenic-acid-amide with a formalde hyde-yielding agent and hydrogen halide in an organic liquid, the improvement which consists 'of bringing the reactants together in such a mannor as to avoid any appreciable concentration of the amide in the solvent as long as there is available in the same mass unconsumed formaldehyde.

2. The process of converting Ibehenic-acidamide into a reaction product possessing CHzCl groups attached to nitrogen atoms, which comprises suspending paraformaldehyde in an organic liquid medium, and passing gradually and simultaneously into said mass hydrogen chloride and behenic-acid-amide.

- 7 3. A compositionv oi. matter being a reaction product of behenic-acid-amide, paralormaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, and whose predominant constituent is the: compound having the formula 9:(1 CHIC] R--(: H,N-CHr-N-C Q-R B-C0 I whrein R designates theradical CmHu.

4. A composition of matter being thepyridine addition compound of the reaction product of behenic-acid-amide, paraformaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, said composition of matter being constituted predominantly by the compound having the formula 9 RCON--CHs-N(C|Hl)Cl R-CO-N JOSEF PIKL.

Number Name I Date 2,331,276 Pikl Oct. 5, 1943 2,338,178 Graenacher Jan. 4, 1944 2,339,177 Graenacher Jan. 4, 1944 2,301,352 Wolf Nov. 10,1942 2,255,252 Harris Sept. 9,-1941 2,131,362 Baldwin Beptr'27, 1938 2,242,565 W01! May 20, 1941 2,296,412 Wolf Sept. 22, 1942 2,302,885 Orthner Nov. 24, 1942 2,019,121 Reival Oct. 29, 1935 2,277,267 Bruson 1942 1,456,702 Matheson- May29, 1923 1,551,176 Skin-ow Aug; '25, 1925 8 mammons cm file of this patent:

UNITED STATES. PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Systematic Organic Chemistry Cumming, 1926, N. Y. Van Nostrand, pp. 209-10, 265, 266.

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,426,790. September 2, 1947.

J OSEF PIKL It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Column 1, line 32, and column 2, line 50, for benezene read benzene; column 3, line 36, for tetrabisamido read tetralc'isamt'do; column 7, line 10, claim 3,for Whre1nread wheret'mand that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this ithday of November, A. D. 1947.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

